The prevalence and pattern of anaemia in type 2 diabetics in Ogbomosho, an urban community in southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Anaemia is a frequent nding in type 2 diabetes, but it is typically seen with established chronic kidney disease and renal insu ciency. Cases, where anaemia predates renal insu ciency, are associated with a worse prognosis for the type 2 diabetes patient and an increased susceptibility to complications. is study aims to determine the prevalence and type of anaemia in persons living with type 2 diabetes without established chronic kidney disease in our environment. e study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study that involved 141 people with known type 2 diabetes as the study group and 140 healthy persons as controls. e study population and the controls were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaire at the Endocrinology clinic, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho. e data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 23.0 (p value ≤0.05 was considered signi cant). e biochemical (fasting lipids, HBA1C, FBG, serum albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and insulin) and haematological (FBC and red cell indices; PVC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RCDW) parameters of the respondents were analyzed using standard methods. e study showed a statistically signi cant di erence in the prevalence of anaemia among subjects, 69.2% as compared to 30.8% of the control group. Normochromic normocytic anaemia was predominant among the subjects, whereas microcytic hypochromic anaemia was the predominant type in the controls. ere was no statistically signi cant di erence between MCV and MCHC of both subjects and controls. ere was a positive correlation between the incidence of anaemia and the duration of diabetes among the subjects. More people with type 2 diabetes are now living longer, and the addition of haematological parameters should be part of their baseline investigations to aid in the early detection of complications.