Characterization of Neocarya Macrophylla seed oil using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) techniques

Abstract

Aim: Modern researches described incorporating gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla) kernel oils into food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products by exploiting its physicochemical properties. Study Design: Experimental and instrumental study was done to determine the general and thesaturated fatty acids present in the seed oil and its suitability for industrial applications. This study examined the fatty acids by qualitative determination from hexane extracts of Neocarya macrophylla seed using GC-MS. Materials and Methods: Indigenous Neocarya macrophylla seeds obtained from Gingerbread plum tree were collected in the Month of August from Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. soxhlet extraction method was used for the oil extraction. The GC-MS analysis was by coupling system of Shimadzu QP2010 series gas chromatography with Shimadzu QP2010 plus mass spectroscopy detector (GCMS). For the FT-IR analysis, software of OMNIC operating system (Version 7.0 Thermo Nicolet) was connected to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer Nicolet 8400S equipped with a detector of deuterated triglycine sulphate (DTGS). Results: The results of the GC-MS obtained from the analysis showed that the oil contain the following fatty acids; myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, behenic acid, heneicosanoic, icosatetraenoate and eicosatrienoic acid. The results of the FT-IR analysis showed 3475.84 cm-1 Which corresponds to O-H of carboxylic acid 2934.79 cm-1, 2869.21 cm-1and 2037.86 cm-1 The asymmetrical and symmetrical modes of vibration is at the region of unsaturated fatty acid. =O Corresponds to ester carbonyl group which showed a very strong and sharp band at 1740.81cm-1. The bending vibrations of the CH2 and CH3 aliphatic groups, and the in-plane bending vibration of CH cis-olefinic groups are seen at around 1358.9 cm-1. At 721.4 cm-1 and 442.68 cm-1, showed the frequencies of the in- and out-of plane rocking of the cis- olefinic CH2 group and C – O stretching vibration (e.g in triacylglycerol). Conclusion: These results showed the potential of this oil in cosmetic industry.