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Potency of some economic variables affecting environmental quality in Nigeria

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Potency of some economic variables affecting environmental quality in Nigeria Authors: Ogunbode, T. O.; Jazat, J. P.; Akande, J. A. Abstract: Environmental quality (EQ) is germane to achieving sustainable living on earth. To evaluate a related stimulus of EQ on area basis, a comparative analyses of economic factors that influence pollution in Iwo and Ibadan metropolis was carried out. Data for the study was generated through the administration of 700 structured questionnaires in total at both locations, out of which 165 and 473 were retrieved from Iwo and Ibadan respectively. The distribution of respondents in form of male gender, married status, tertiary education and household size of not more than 5 were 51.5%, 78.2%, 24.9% and 46.1% respectively for Iwo, while it was 38.5%, 81.0%, 28.6% and 48.8% in the same order for Ibadan. Economic factors analyzed were (1) Income (2) living standard indexed by the form of accommodation occupied (3) waste/noise management regimen (4) energy utilization (5) orthodox versus green economy adoption and (6) waste sorting capacity. Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity admitted the data as factorable at p < 0.005. Results showed that three of the economic variables significantly explained the pollution status in Iwo and Ibadan. The variables in Iwo explained 59.3% of the factors and these are waste/noise management strategies (22.5%), living standard (18.7%) and green economy adoption (18.3%). 60.2% of economic impacts on pollution in Ibadan were explained by living standard (24.4%), green economy adoption (18.8%) and waste/noise management strategies (17.0%). Only two of the variables namely living standard, and green economy adoption were common to the two study locations, although, their importance and ordering varied. While waste and noise management were most significant in Iwo, the same variable had the least effect in Ibadan. Green economy adoption was least in Iwo but most significant in Ibadan. Thus, the economic factors influencing pollution in Iwo and Ibadan metropolis, though similar, may not be given a generalized weighting. In other words, analyses of pollution-related matters from the economic viewpoint should be location specific.

Root system architecture and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings in response to PEG6000-simulated drought stress

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Root system architecture and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings in response to PEG6000-simulated drought stress Authors: Esan, Vincent Ishola; Obisesan, Idowu Arinola; Ogunbode, Timothy Ojebamiji Abstract: Te production of soybean is restricted in sub-Saharan Africa by several stress conditions, including drought because its production is exclusively rain-fed. Identifying drought resistant varieties is of paramount importance. Thus, the objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) on soybean at the seedling stage, (ii) determine the root system architecture and physiological characters to water defcit stress, and (iii) establish the correlation among the quantitative variables responsible for drought tolerance in soybean varieties. Twenty soybean accessions (G1 to G20) were subjected to 10% PEG6000 concentration at seedling stages under a controlled environment using a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Vegetative growth data were collected. Highly signifcant diferences (P < 0.0001) of proline, carotenoid, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b contents were recorded among the 20 accessions in response to PEG application. G16 and G19 had the highest carotenoid, highest chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Te highest dry weight was observed in G16 and G10, while the number of leaves was recorded in G19 and G17. G4, G9, G10, and G13 demonstrated the highest dry weight. Te PEG-simulated drought stress reduced the average root diameters and the number of lateral roots of all 20 accession plants. G1, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G15 had the longest roots than the control plants as a mechanism to withstand drought stress by seeking water in the deep. Number of leaves was signifcantly and positively correlated with shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root diameter but was signifcantly and negatively correlated with canopy wilting. Proline content was signifcantly and positively correlated with carotenoid, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. G10, G19, G9, G6, G16, G17, G20, G16, and G18 are the tolerant cultivars to drought stress on the basis of growth, physiological, and root system architecture.

Assessment of sociological indices affecting environmental pollution in Iwo, Nigeria

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Assessment of sociological indices affecting environmental pollution in Iwo, Nigeria Authors: Jazat, Joseph P.; Ogunbode, Timothy O.; Akande, John A. Abstract: Twelve sociological factors such as: gender, age, marital status, household size, religion, educational attainment, government influence, occupation, housing structure, culture, health issues, and period of residency at the survey location were assessed to evaluate their relative impacts on environmental pollution, in Iwo, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was prepared and randomly administered to 257 households out of which 215 (83.65%) was completed and retrieved. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential (factor analysis) statistics. Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests showed factorability of data at p < 0.05 significant level. Factor Analysis (FA) ultimately recognized six (6) indices among the sociological factors as having eigenvalues above 1. The indices explained 65% of the total variance and are weighted as follows: household size (12.5%), marital status (11.4%), government influence (10.7%), religion (10.5%), culture (9.8%), and health issues (9.8%). These are essential indices to be explored when measuring sociological impacts on environmental pollution. That means, cultures that discourage pollution are to be identified and supported by relevant government policies and legislations.

Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of River Niger at Ajaokuta, Kogi State, Nigeria

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of River Niger at Ajaokuta, Kogi State, Nigeria Authors: Ogungbile, Peter Oyelade; Ajibare, Adefemi Olatayo; Ogunbode, Timothy Oyebamiji; Akande, John Adebayo; Aliku, Chioma Bella; Sridhar, Mynepalli Kameswara Chandra Abstract: Water from the River Niger in Ajaokuta, Kogi State, Nigeria, was tested for physico-chemical characteristics. Temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, total alkalinity, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and chloride were the variables studied (Cl). During the rainy and dry seasons, water samples were taken in triplicate from six separate locations along the river and were subjected to physicochemical analyses using APHA standardized procedures. The results were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Quality Water (NSDQW). Consequently, the majority of the parameters examined were below the WHO's recommended safe drinking water threshold. However, the pH and surface water temperature were above WHO guidelines. Comparison of data obtained between rainy and dry seasons was made using t-statistics at P≤0.05 and this revealed significant seasonal variation in water temperature (28.80oC and 29.40oC), DO (6.43mg/l and 7.18mg/l), Ca (5.21mg/l and 4.16mg/l) and Cl (5.20mg/l and 3.50mg/l). Therefore, in order to protect the communities living along the water body, it is recommended that regular water quality testing be made mandatory.