ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/383 These are theses by Postgraduate students of Microbiology programme. Fri, 03 Apr 2026 01:38:20 GMT 2026-04-03T01:38:20Z ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/2517 Title: Antifungal resistance pattern and phylogenetic relationship of fungi isolated from abattoir soil samples in Iwo, Osun State Authors: Ayoola, Philip Oluwatobi Abstract: Soil is the thin layer covering our planet earth, and is a very important resource for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Many actions and initiatives to promote sustainable soil management and soil security have been undertaken by several institutions in many countries. Improper disposal of waste effluents from abattoirs have been documented to have effects on the soil properties and ultimately increasing the population of microflora, enteric and opportunistic pathogens. Soil-borne fungi are a major cause for different degrees of allergy and diseases in humans and animals. This study therefore aimed at isolation and characterization of fungal microbes associated with abattoir soil samples. Five (5g) of soil samples were collected each from four different abattoirs, Eleya, Odo-ori, Kaara and Adeke in Iwo, Osun State. One (1) gramme of each soil sample was weighed, serially diluted using sterile water, and then 1ml aliquots of 10-3 and 10-5 dilutions were cultured on sterile Sabouraud dextrose agar medium impregnated with streptomycin (0.2g) using pour plate method. Incubation was carried out at 25-27°C for 3days. Six (6) different fungal isolates were obtained and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Molecular characterization of the fungal isolates by amplifying the internal spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA using primers ITS1 and ITS4, gel electrophoresis using mid-range ladder and an expected amplicon between (600-800bp), with sequence blasting using NCBI BLAST tool. Phylogenetic relationships among the six (6) fungal isolates were determined by neighbor-joining method, using MEGA I I (Kimura 2- parameters) with 1000 bootstrap replication value. Result revealed that the isolates belong to five (5) different genera; Lasidioplodia, Geotrichum, Curvularia, Aspergillus, and Epicoccum, and percentage occurrences were 23.08%, 23.08%, 15.38%, 30.77%, and 7.69% respectively. Antifungal sensitivity test showed that all the isolates were susceptible to Ketoconazole (100% susceptibility), five (5) to Clotrimazole (76.92% sensitivity), three (3) to Amphotericin B (46.15% susceptibility), but none was susceptible to nystatin (0% sensitivity). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among the six (6) fungal isolates results revealed species of the fungi as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Geotrichum candidum, Curvularia aerial, Aspergillus allahabadii, Aspergillus flavus, and Epicoccum sorghum, with percentage identity between 98.36% to 100%. The presence of these opportunistic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms in abattoir soil, and their possibility of toxin production pose a significant threat to humans , pre-harvest and post-harvest crops. They are indicators of a potential health risk to abattoir workers, residents near abattoirs, meat consumers, and consumers of crops grown on contaminated soil. The use of conventional antifungal drugs against invasive fungal infection is of great importance in clinical treatments. Molecular technique has shown reliability in characterization of isolates to species level. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/2517 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/2515 Title: Comparative analysis of stool as an alternative sample in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among adults and children in Ogbomoso, Nigeria Authors: Oladipo, Tunde Sunday Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), it is a bacterial disease that is infectious which is spread by infectious droplet nuclei. It remains one of the top 10 causes of death in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries. In this study, a comparative analysis of stool samples from 101 adults (91 pre-confirmed pulmonary TB patients) and 99 children (presumptive TB patients). Their stool samples were collected, processed and analyzed using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra technique and AFB microscopy. While using Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay as our “reference standard”, a sensitivity of 96%, Specificity of 83%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 87%, and Negative Predictive Value (NNP) of 87% was observed with stool Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra technique. Also Ziehl Neelsen’s Stain Microscopy has a Sensitivity of 76%, Specificity of 23%, PPV of 100% and NNP of 49% while Fluorescence Stain Microscopy reveals a Sensitivity of 82%, Specificity of 75%, PPV of 92%, and NNP of 75% in stool sample. This study has shown that Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay in stool samples serves as an alternative to sputum in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with high level of accuracy and precision. Furthermore, Fluorescence Stain Microscopy has shown to be more efficient than Ziehl Nelsen’s stain Microscopy. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/2515 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/625 Title: Microbial quality and antimicrobial evaluation of some herbal concoctions in Iwo Authors: Akinsola, O.A. Abstract: The use of herbal concoctions (locally made ones) has been on the increase for the cure of various illnesses in Iwo community and around the country. Experiments were conducted on some of the consumed herbal concoctions with the aim of conducting some physico-chemical parameters, estimate the microbial load, isolate some of the major microorganisms and carry out antibiotic test on the isolated bacteria. Some of the fungi isolated were Aspergillus sp, Rhizopus sp etc. Bacterial isolated were identified through biochemical characterization and molecular test. The level of susceptibility of these isolates was evaluated using antibiotic rapid test multidisc containing eight different antibiotics, and resistance genes were amplified from some of the resistant isolates. The pH of the concoctions ranged from 3.99 to 6.45, while the conductivity values ranged from 87.3µs/cm to 1502µs/cm. Bacterial counts of the samples varied from 7.0 × 104 cfu/mL to 3.8 × 105 cfu/mL. Ninety (90) isolates belonging to fifteen (15) genera were isolated and identified. Providencia sp with 17 isolates (19%) recorded the highest occurrence, followed by Pantoea sp with 13 isolates (14.4%), Citrobacter sp with 10 isolates (11.1%), Serratia sp, Proteus sp and Klebsiella sp with 7 isolates each (7.8%) each, Kluyvera sp and Enterobacter sp with 5 isolates each (5.6%) each, Brenneria sp and Escherichia coli with 4 isolates each (4.4%) each, Edwardsiella sp with 3 isolates (3.3%), Salmonella sp, Cedecea sp, Pseudomonas sp and Yersinia sp with 2 isolates each (2.2%) each. All the isolates showed resistance to different antibiotics used, especially the cephalosporins. The genes found to be responsible the cephalosporin resistance of some in the isolates were the TEM-972 and CTX-M-200. The presence of the multi-antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the herbal concoctions poses a serious public health threat. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/625 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/613 Title: Distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterobacteria in biofilms from water taps in Bowen University, Iwo Authors: Popoola, O.T. Abstract: Tap outlets have been found to contain biofilms, which are a consortium of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa. These microorganisms, especially Gram negative bacteria, could be pathogenic and highly resistant to antibiotics, leading to an increase in the prevalence of diseases worldwide. The Bowen University community depends on water from boreholes for consumption and domestic uses; as such, the need to identify the Gram negative bacteria is expedient. The significance of this research is to determine the potability of the water released from the taps, and ultimately reduce the incidence of biofilm-related water infections. Water samples were collected from five boreholes, and the tap outlets were swabbed with a sterile swab stick. The pH and conductivity of the water samples were determined. Coliforms were estimated from the water samples using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified from the swabbing using standard bacteriological and biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance patterns of the isolates were also determined, and the genes responsible for the antibiotic resistance were identified using the DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. The pH of the tap water samples varied from 6.64 to 7.64, while the conductivity values ranged from 0.30 to 0.75. Bacterial counts of the samples varied from 6.0×105 cfu/mL to 1.4×106 cfu/mL. MPN values of the tap water samples varied from 4 to 1100+ cfu/100mL, which exceeded the WHO standards of water quality. A total of 31 bacteria were isolated, of which 8 were Pseudomonas sp (25.8%), 7 were Proteus sp (22.6%), 4 were Klebsiella sp (12.9%), 4 were Escherichia coli (12.9%), 3 were Enterobacter sp (9.7%), 3 were Citrobacter sp (9.7%) and 2 were Salmonella sp (6.4%). All the bacteria showed resistance to different antibiotics used, especially the cephalosporins. The gene found to be responsible for the cephalosporin resistance was the TEM - 445. The taps and the water samples were found to contain a high number of coliforms, showing heavy faecal pollution. They also contain pathogenic microorganisms, which renders the water unfit for human consumption. The presence of these antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the tap outlets could pose a serious threat to public health. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT ir.bowen.edu.ng:8181/jspui/handle/123456789/613 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z