DSpace Collection: These are theses by Postgraduate students of Agriculture programme

Socio-economic indices affecting environmental pollution: Situation and comparative analyses of Iwo and Ibadan metropolis

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Socio-economic indices affecting environmental pollution: Situation and comparative analyses of Iwo and Ibadan metropolis Authors: Jazat, J. P. Abstract: Appraisal of wide-ranging human needs in the context of environmental pollution is a subject yet to be maximally considered. In a bid to develop insight towards such relationships, situational assessment was carried out on nineteen (19) socio economic factors in Iwo and Ibadan metropolis. Random sampling of 1400 households, using a structured questionnaire, was done in Iwo Local Government Area (LGA) and in the North, North East and North West LGAs within Ibadan metropolis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analyses. Descriptive analysis employed include tabulation, percentages and mean, while Factor Analysis (FA) was used to identify and rank the factors in order of influence on environmental pollution in the two cities. From the survey in Iwo, 215 (61.4%) copies of questionnaire were completed and returned while 658 (62.7%) were retrieved from the LGAs in Ibadan metropolis. The results showed that 45.0% of the respondents in Iwo are environmentally literate compared to 57.0% in Ibadan. In terms of waste disposal in the study areas, 47.0%, 23.0%, 10.0%, 2.0% and 10.0%, respectively burn refuse, dump their wastes in gutters, patronize nearby dumpsites, patronize bush toilets and use pit toilets. FA revealed that peoples’ income, culture and educational status were the general determinants of environmental pollution with their respective explanations of 8.4%, 7.7%, 7.6% for Iwo and 8.7%, 7.9% and 7.7% for Ibadan metropolis. All the factors examined are significant at p < 0.05 but the degree of influence of the extracted critical indices on environmental pollution vary for the two cities. For Iwo, the indices explained 56.1%, while Ibadan is 57.9%, indicating that residents in both locations are culturally disposed to drainages/gutters. It was concluded that sustainable and equitable handling of socio-economic necessities demand effective consideration, in a timely way, to resolve pollution issues leading to environmental degradation. Policymakers are encouraged to acknowledge the key factors influencing environmental pollution and design policies that target income disparities, cultural practices, and educational imperatives needed to mitigate pollution and promote sustainable development. Further research is encouraged for other locations, to fully resolve and order the complex relationships between income, culture, education, and environmental pollution.

Determinants of children's participation in child labour among rural households in Nigeria

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Determinants of children's participation in child labour among rural households in Nigeria Authors: Ogunbiyi, D.J. Abstract: In Nigeria, people have variously described children as the future hope or as leaders of tomorrow. Such attributes are often expressed by parents, social critics, political analysts and media commentators, who will always offer sentimental obeisance to the notion that children are indeed the greatest human asset. In effect, it means that children are appreciated, respected, recognized and regarded as valuable human monument worthy of investing upon for the survival and continuous existence of the human race. This study stresses on the need for Nigeria to adopt all the Universal agreements that tend to promote the protection of the rights of the Nigerian citizens, including the child’s rights law, so as to ensure that such rights are not rendered non-justiciable or violated. It is important to bear in mind that recognition of the inherent dignity, equality and the inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

Identification and quantification of microbes in chicken eggs (unfertilised) soiled with feacal droppings

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Identification and quantification of microbes in chicken eggs (unfertilised) soiled with feacal droppings Authors: Olaniregun, C.B. Abstract: The effect of poultry feacal soilage on the microbial counts in the yolk and albumen of table eggs was studied alongside the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella Species obtained from the internal egg contents. Fresh table eggs were soaked in feacal poultry droppings for 0 hour (Control- no soaking), 12 hours,24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, respectively and microbial counts in the internal contents of the eggs enumerated on nutrient agar for aerobic bacterial count, Bairl Parker Agar for Staphylococcus aureus count, Eosin Methylene Blue agar for Enterobacteriaceae counts, Salmonella – Shigella agar for Salmonella- Shigella counts, and Potato Dextrose agar for Fungal and Mould counts. Generally, a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in aerobic plate counts, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae count, Salmonella-Shigella count and fungal soiling. Suggesting increased microbial penetration through the shell membrane into the internal content of the table eggs. Identified microorganisms associated with soiled internal content of table eggs included Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia species, Klebsiella species, Bacillus brevis, Shigella species Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella species, Bacillis pumitus, Citrobacter species and Kluyvera species, Edwardsiella species, Cedecea species, Escherichia coli. Multiple antibiotics resistance to ceftazidin, cloxacillin and erythromycin was observed to occur in S. aureus at 48 hours while shigella species were resistant to Gentamicin at 48 hours and therefore table eggs should be collected frequently from the cage and kept cool always to prevent bacterial growth and further studies should be carried out on the detrimental effect of these organism on human health.

Comparative analysis of poultry waste management and utilization among large scale and medium scale in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State

2015-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Comparative analysis of poultry waste management and utilization among large scale and medium scale in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State Authors: Akinsola, E.O. Abstract: Poultry farms provide meat, egg and employment for people and at the same time it generates large quantities of waste materials. A survey was carried out in Abeokuta, Odeda local Government Area (LGA) of ogun states using both large scale and medium scale poultry farms to identify thepoultry waste materials and to know their management, utilization and disposal methods with a view to comparing the management and utilization of poultry waste among large scale and medium scale poultry farmers. Primary data for the study were collected from 80 poultry farmers using well-structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis involving frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the farmers’ socio-economic status. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis was used to compare waste management, utilization and disposal method between large and medium scale poultry farms within the study area. Independent t-test analysis was used to investigate the difference between income of large and medium scale poultry farms. The result obtained from this study shows that 85.0% large scale farms indicated that they do treat their waste compared to 87.5% medium scale poultry farmers.Also, it can be observed from the result that 12.5% respondents who are large scale poultry farmers indicated that they use chemical treatment in treating their waste compared to 2.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated they use the same method of waste treatment. It was observed that 42.5% large scale farms indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste compare to 52.5% medium scale poultry farmers who indicated that they do not utilize their poultry waste. However, more large scale farms tend to utilize their waste for manure and compost compared to small scale farms and in the same vein, more medium scale farms tend to have no use for their poultry waste compared to the large scale farms.From the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made; 1. Poultry farming in the study area is male dominated. Females need to be encouraged to participate in poultry farming in the area as a means of increasing and improving their standard of living. 2. The government should encourage the poultry farmers to manage and utilize the poultry waste generated in their various farms by introducing new techniques, methods or practices of managing and utilizing their poultry waste. 3. Adequate workshop should be organized in the study area for the dissemination of research findings to improve their knowledge on how well to manage and utilize poultry waste.